Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology
Volume 25, Issue 6 , Pages 643-651 , December 2011

The benefit of animal models for autoimmune hepatitis

References 

  1. Czaja AJ, et al. Significance of HLA DR4 in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Gastroenterology. 1993;105(5):1502–1507
  2. Czaja AJ, et al. Genetic predispositions for the immunological features of chronic active hepatitis. Hepatology. 1993;18(4):816–822
  3. Oliveira LC, et al Autoimmune hepatitis, HLA and extended haplotypes. Autoimmun Rev. 10(4):189–93.
  4. Agarwal K, et al. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology. 2000;31(1):49–53
  5. Djilali-Saiah I, et al. CTLA-4/CD 28 region polymorphisms in children from families with autoimmune hepatitis. Hum Immunol. 2001;62(12):1356–1362
  6. Windhagen A, et al. Altered CD45 isoform expression in C77G carriers influences cytokine responsiveness and adhesion properties of T cells. Clin Exp Immunol. 2007;150(3):509–517
  7. Cookson S, et al. Frequency and nature of cytokine gene polymorphisms in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology. 1999;30(4):851–856
  8. Diamantis I, Boumpas DT. Autoimmune hepatitis: evolving concepts. Autoimmun Rev. 2004;3(3):207–214
  9. Ichiki Y, et al. T cell immunity in autoimmune hepatitis. Autoimmun Rev. 2005;4(5):315–321
  10. Tiegs G, Hentschel J, Wendel A. A T cell-dependent experimental liver injury in mice inducible by concanavalin A. J Clin Invest. 1992;90(1):196–203
  11. Tiegs G. Experimental hepatitis and role of cytokines. Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 1997;60(2):176–179
  12. Gantner F, et al. T cell stimulus-induced crosstalk between lymphocytes and liver macrophages results in augmented cytokine release. Exp Cell Res. 1996;229(1):137–146
  13. Kusters S, et al. Interferon gamma plays a critical role in T cell-dependent liver injury in mice initiated by concanavalin A. Gastroenterology. 1996;111(2):462–471
  14. Gantner F, et al. Concanavalin A-induced T-cell-mediated hepatic injury in mice: the role of tumor necrosis factor. Hepatology. 1995;21(1):190–198
  15. Knolle PA, et al. Role of sinusoidal endothelial cells of the liver in concanavalin A-induced hepatic injury in mice. Hepatology. 1996;24(4):824–829
  16. Swain MG. Hepatic NKT cells: friend or foe?. Clin Sci (Lond). 2008;114(7):457–466
  17. Takeda K, et al. Critical contribution of liver natural killer T cells to a murine model of hepatitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000;97(10):5498–5503
  18. Erhardt A, et al. IL-10, regulatory T cells, and Kupffer cells mediate tolerance in concanavalin A-induced liver injury in mice. Hepatology. 2007;45(2):475–485
  19. Ye F, et al. Tr1 regulatory T cells induced by ConA pretreatment prevent mice from ConA-induced hepatitis. Immunol Lett. 2009;122(2):198–207
  20. Shull MM, et al. Targeted disruption of the mouse transforming growth factor-beta 1 gene results in multifocal inflammatory disease. Nature. 1992;359(6397):693–699
  21. Gorham JD, et al. Genetic regulation of autoimmune disease: BALB/c background TGF-beta 1-deficient mice develop necroinflammatory IFN-gamma-dependent hepatitis. J Immunol. 2001;166(10):6413–6422
  22. Nishimura H, et al. Autoimmune dilated cardiomyopathy in PD-1 receptor-deficient mice. Science. 2001;291(5502):319–322
  23. Kido M, et al. Fatal autoimmune hepatitis induced by concurrent loss of naturally arising regulatory T cells and PD-1-mediated signaling. Gastroenterology. 2008;135(4):1333–1343
  24. Aoki N, et al Dysregulated generation of follicular helper T cells in the spleen triggers fatal autoimmune hepatitis in mice. Gastroenterology. 140(4):1322–1333 e1-5.
  25. Anderson MS, et al. Projection of an immunological self shadow within the thymus by the aire protein. Science. 2002;298(5597):1395–1401
  26. Kuriki J, et al. Experimental autoimmune hepatitis in mice after immunization with syngeneic liver proteins together with the polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Gastroenterology. 1983;84(3):596–603
  27. Scheiffarth F, Warnatz H, Mayer K. Studies concerning the importance of mononuclear cells in the development of experimental hepatitis. J Immunol. 1967;98(2):396–401
  28. Watanabe Y, et al. Effect of neonatal thymectomy on experimental autoimmune hepatitis in mice. Clin Exp Immunol. 1987;67(1):105–113
  29. Mori T, et al. Cell-mediated cytotoxicity of sensitized spleen cells against target liver cells – in vivo and in vitro study with a mouse model of experimental autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology. 1985;5(5):770–777
  30. Mori Y, et al. Study of cellular immunity in experimental autoimmune hepatitis in mice: transfer of spleen cells sensitized with liver proteins. Clin Exp Immunol. 1985;61(3):577–584
  31. Mori Y, et al. Study of cellular immunity in experimental autoimmune hepatitis in mice. Clin Exp Immunol. 1984;57(1):85–92
  32. Lohse AW, et al. Autoantibodies in experimental autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol. 1992;14(1):48–53
  33. Lohse AW, Kogel M, Meyer KH. zum Buschenfelde, Evidence for spontaneous immunosuppression in autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology. 1995;22(2):381–388
  34. Lohse AW, et al. Experimental autoimmune hepatitis: disease induction, time course and T-cell reactivity. Hepatology. 1990;11(1):24–30
  35. Lohse AW, Meyer zum Buschenfelde KH. Remission of experimental autoimmune hepatitis is associated with antigen-specific and non-specific immunosuppression. Clin Exp Immunol. 1993;94(1):163–167
  36. Derbinski J, et al. Promiscuous gene expression in medullary thymic epithelial cells mirrors the peripheral self. Nat Immunol. 2001;2(11):1032–1039
  37. Klein L, et al. CD4 T cell tolerance to human C-reactive protein, an inducible serum protein, is mediated by medullary thymic epithelium. J Exp Med. 1998;188(1):5–16
  38. Klein L, Kyewski B. “Promiscuous” expression of tissue antigens in the thymus: a key to T-cell tolerance and autoimmunity?. J Mol Med. 2000;78(9):483–494
  39. Jones-Youngblood SL, et al. Effect of the expression of a hepatocyte-specific MHC molecule in transgenic mice on T cell tolerance. J Immunol. 1990;144(4):1187–1195
  40. Wieties K, et al. Peripheral tolerance in mice expressing a liver-specific class I molecule: inactivation/deletion of a T-cell subpopulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1990;87(17):6604–6608
  41. Morahan G, et al. Expression in transgenic mice of class I histocompatibility antigens controlled by the metallothionein promoter. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1989;86(10):3782–3786
  42. Moriyama T, et al. Immunobiology and pathogenesis of hepatocellular injury in hepatitis B virus transgenic mice. Science. 1990;248(4953):361–364
  43. Chisari FV, Ferrari C. Hepatitis B virus immunopathogenesis. Annu Rev Immunol. 1995;13:29–60
  44. Chisari FV. Hepatitis B virus transgenic mice: models of viral immunobiology and pathogenesis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1996;206:149–173
  45. Wirth S, et al. Breaking tolerance leads to autoantibody production but not autoimmune liver disease in hepatitis B virus envelope transgenic mice. J Immunol. 1995;154(5):2504–2515
  46. Shimizu Y, et al. Dendritic cell immunization breaks cytotoxic T lymphocyte tolerance in hepatitis B virus transgenic mice. J Immunol. 1998;161(9):4520–4529
  47. Mix H, et al. Identification of CD4 T-cell epitopes in soluble liver antigen/liver pancreas autoantigen in autoimmune hepatitis. Gastroenterology. 2008;135(6):2107–2118
  48. Holz LE, et al. Intrahepatic murine CD8 T-cell activation associates with a distinct phenotype leading to Bim-dependent death. Gastroenterology. 2008;135(3):989–997
  49. Voehringer D, et al. Break of T cell ignorance to a viral antigen in the liver induces hepatitis. J Immunol. 2000;165(5):2415–2422
  50. Buxbaum J, et al. Hepatitis resulting from liver-specific expression and recognition of self-antigen. J Autoimmun. 2008;31(3):208–215
  51. Derkow K, et al. Differential priming of CD8 and CD4 T-cells in animal models of autoimmune hepatitis and cholangitis. Hepatology. 2007;46(4):1155–1165
  52. Zierden M, Odenthal EK, Dienes HP. Effects and regulation of autoreactive CD8(+) T cells in a transgenic mouse model of autoimmune hepatitis. Gastroenterology. 2010;
  53. Limmer A, et al. Efficient presentation of exogenous antigen by liver endothelial cells to CD8+ T cells results in antigen-specific T-cell tolerance. Nat Med. 2000;6(12):1348–1354
  54. Knolle PA, et al. Induction of cytokine production in naive CD4(+) T cells by antigen-presenting murine liver sinusoidal endothelial cells but failure to induce differentiation toward Th1 cells. Gastroenterology. 1999;116(6):1428–1440
  55. Lohse AW, et al. Antigen-presenting function and B7 expression of murine sinusoidal endothelial cells and Kupffer cells. Gastroenterology. 1996;110(4):1175–1181
  56. Schurich A, et al. Dynamic regulation of CD8 T cell tolerance induction by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. J Immunol. 2010;184(8):4107–4114
  57. Holdener M, et al. Breaking tolerance to the natural human liver autoantigen cytochrome P450 2D6 by virus infection. J Exp Med. 2008;205(6):1409–1422
  58. Lapierre P, et al. A murine model of type 2 autoimmune hepatitis: xenoimmunization with human antigens. Hepatology. 2004;39(4):1066–1074
  59. Fischer K, et al. A new animal model of chronic autoimmune hepatitis mediated by the adaptive immune system. Z Gastroenterol. 2009;47:151;(Abstract)
  60. Autschbach F, et al. Hepatocellular expression of lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 in chronic hepatitis. Hepatology. 1991;14(2):223–230
  61. Lobo-Yeo A, et al. Preferential activation of helper/inducer T lymphocytes in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. Clin Exp Immunol. 1987;67(1):95–104
  62. Ma Y, et al. Polyclonal T-cell responses to cytochrome P450IID6 are associated with disease activity in autoimmune hepatitis type 2. Gastroenterology. 2006;130(3):868–882
  63. Longhi MS, et al. Cytochrome P450IID6-specific CD8 T cell immune responses mirror disease activity in autoimmune hepatitis type 2. Hepatology. 2007;46(2):472–484

PII: S1521-6918(11)00094-1

doi: 10.1016/j.bpg.2011.10.006

Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology
Volume 25, Issue 6 , Pages 643-651 , December 2011